Arizona State University (ASU) Biology of Plants Exam 1 Practice

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• What are the major components of the cell cycle?
• Where is collenchyma commonly found in a plant and what is its major function?
• Which structure encloses ovules and becomes the fruit after fertilization?
• What is the difference between meristematic, simple, and complex tissues?
• How can plants regulate plasmodesmatal transport under stress?
• Which polymer is a common component of both primary and secondary cell walls?
• Which option best describes structures that hold seeds or spores in different plant types?
• Which plastid contains pigments other than chlorophyll such as orange and yellow?
• How do root hairs contribute to mineral and water uptake?
• Who is sometimes called the 'father of botany,' and what are some of his major written works?
• In phloem transport, which statement accurately describes sources and sinks?
• Where do light-dependent reactions occur, and which energy carriers are produced?
• Which statement best describes a hypothesis, a fact, and a theory in science?
• Do plant cells have centrioles? How does this compare to that of animal cells?
• In tissue culture, what effect do cytokinins have on organogenesis?
• What are plasmodesmata and how is intercellular transport regulated?
• Water potential is defined as the sum of which two components?
• Ray cells are components of which tissues?
• Which of the following is a common use of plants by humans?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a characteristic of living organisms?
• Xylem contains vessel elements and tracheids. Which statement best describes a distinguishing feature of tracheids compared with vessel elements?
• Stamen function?
• When chromatin in a nucleus condenses, what structures are formed?
• The cell cycle comprises which two major phases?
• Why is Dioscorides' book 'Materia Medica' considered a first?
• What do the G1, S, and G2 stages refer to in the cell cycle?
• Why did hunter-gatherers need a basic understanding of botany?
• Which organelle contains enzymes capable of breaking down all types of biological polymers—proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids?
• Which structure supports the anther?
• How do phototropism and gravitropism differ, especially regarding gravity sensing?
• Which statement best summarizes the composition of the secondary cell wall?
• Where is the apical meristem located and what does it give rise to?
• Which plastid contains chlorophyll and captures energy from sunlight?
• Which cells regulate the activities of sieve-tube elements?
• What is the role of tannins and phenolics in plant defense, and give an example?
• The fluid matrix that organelles reside inside a living cell is called:
• Describe Robert Hooke's findings upon examining cork tissue.
• Where did rice originate?
• What two components make up the epidermis's protective barrier?
• What is the function of plasmodesmata?
• Which plastid type is used for storage of starch or oil?
• Aerenchyma is best described as which of the following?
• Which plastid contains chlorophyll and captures energy from sunlight to make food for the plant?
• What is the sticky top of the pistil that receives pollen called?
• What is the sieve plate in phloem tissue, and what is the role of callose?
• Which statement correctly describes the dominant generation in different plant groups?
• Mycology is the study of which group of organisms?
• Which organisms form nitrogen-fixing symbioses in legumes?
• Pistil function?
• Which process is commonly used to break seed dormancy in temperate species?
• The region between cells that is made of pectin is known as the:
• What are the green, leaf-like parts at the base of a flower that protect the developing bud?
• How did the practice of agriculture change the way humans made their living?
• The plasma membrane is semi-permeable, meaning:
• What is the role of aquaporins in plant water transport?
• Which enzyme is primarily responsible for loosening cellulose-hemicellulose networks to enable cell expansion?
• What is genet?
• Large vacuoles are bound by a membrane called the tonoplast. What does a large vacuole contain?
• Which of the following is not listed as one of the four main characteristics of plants?
• Which statement best describes the function of leaves?
• What are complex tissues? Give examples of types and functions.
• Dioscorides' Materia Medica, written in the 2nd century A.D., contained what notable feature?
• Which of the following is NOT a branch of botany?
• What is another name for a dictyosome?
• Describe the basic mechanism of nutrient uptake by roots: mass flow, diffusion, and uptake by transporters.
• Which statement about sclerenchyma is true?
• What role do the vascular cambium and cork cambium play in woody plants?
• Which of the following is an autotroph?
• Which statement best describes how stomata regulate gas exchange and water loss?
• Do herbaceous (non-woody) plants typically undergo significant secondary growth?
• Secondary cell walls are mainly composed of:
• Maize originated in which region?
• Which flower part encloses and protects ovules and seeds as they develop?
• In tissue culture, which scenario promotes root formation?
• Which component primarily provides tensile strength in the primary plant cell wall?
• Name a few plants economically important because of sclerenchyma fibers, and their uses.
• What is the primary role of endosperm in angiosperm seeds?
• What is secondary growth?
• Which of the following is NOT a standard step in the scientific method?
• Phycology studies which organisms?
• Which method is commonly used to study plant anatomy and physiology?
• Give examples of some of the secretory structures of a plant.
• How does the structure of the xylem tissue contribute to its function in water transport?
• Which floral organ is primarily involved in pollen production?
• What is a ramet?
• What differentiates producers, decomposers, and consumers from one another?
• Primary growth (cell division) occurs in which region of the plant body?
• Which tissues are produced by the vascular cambium and cork cambium?
• What are spindle fibers made of and what is their function?
• During xylem maturation, which processes occur?
• What structure is at the top of the male stamen and is responsible for pollen production?
• Which statement best describes the role of gibberellins in plants?
• Insect-pollinated flowers commonly feature which trait set?
• Which option correctly pairs a nutrient category with a typical deficiency symptom?
• Which of the following is NOT a main component of the primary cell wall?
• What are the housekeeping organelles of the cell?
• Which chloroplast compartment contains the enzymes of the Calvin cycle?
• Which stage of cellular respiration yields the majority of ATP per glucose?
• Which plant tissue type is primarily involved in protection and boundary formation?
• Bird-pollinated flowers typically exhibit which characteristic?
• What is the correct order of steps in the scientific method?
• Among the main floral organ classes, which forms the female reproductive structure (gynoecium)?
• Which chloroplast structure houses the light-harvesting complexes and is the site of the light reactions?
• Which parenchyma tissue helps water lilies float on the water surface?
• Which tube-like structure holds up the stigma?
• What are amyloplasts and what is their function in gravity sensing?
• Tracheids are water-conducting and mechanical supporting cells of which group?
• What are phototropins and what is their role?
• Which flower parts attract pollinators and are usually the reason flowers are bought?
• The endoplasmic reticulum is physically continuous with which other cellular structure?
• Which meristems are responsible for secondary growth in wood plants (such as vines, shrubs, bushes, and trees)?
• In root tissues, which statement correctly distinguishes apoplastic from symplastic transport pathways?
• Which of the following describes the functions of abscisic acid (ABA)?
• Secondary growth occurs in which type of plants?
• In the plant cell wall, cellulose forms micro & macro-fibrils held together by glue-like substance called __.
• Which statement best describes CAM photosynthesis?
• Which photosystem splits water and releases oxygen?
• What is Antonie van Leeuwenhoek known for?
• Are sclerenchyma cells alive at maturity, and why?
• What is a primary function of branching in roots?
• Which statement best differentiates parenchyma, aerenchyma, and chlorenchyma?
• Which plastid is primarily involved in pigment storage not including chlorophyll?
• How do stomata respond to blue vs red light in terms of opening?
• Which plant groups have seeds and a dominant sporophyte, differing in reproductive structures such as flowers and fruits?
• Which experimental method uses radioactive isotopes to track nutrient movement?
• What is one way ethylene influences plant development?
• Elaioplasts are associated with production of which plant secretion?
• What is the epidermis and what is its function?
• Which statement best describes the role of phenolics like flavonoids in plants?
• Which statement describes the diffusionist hypothesis about the origin of agriculture?
• Apical meristems and lateral meristems are responsible for which types of growth?
• Describe the difference between primary and secondary metabolites and give an example of each.
• What organelle performs aerobic respiration in a eukaryotic cell, including the living plant cell?
• What is the Casparian strip, and why is it important for mineral uptake?
• What are the inputs and outputs of the Calvin cycle when three CO2 are fixed?
• Which statement correctly describes the endoplasmic reticulum and its two forms?
• In tissue culture, which statement describes the effect of a high cytokinin-to-auxin ratio?
• Which statement correctly matches the abbreviations G1, S, and G2?
• Lignin is located in which part of the plant cell wall and what is its role?
• Where are secondary cell walls mainly found, and what are they composed of?
• What is the key idea of the cohesion-tension theory of xylem transport?
• What organisms are involved in nitrogen fixation in plants?
• Which statement about seed germination and oxygen is accurate?
• What is the primary function of xylem?
• Which statement correctly characterizes C4 photosynthesis?
• Which phrase best describes the term 'grasses, forbs, and herbs' in plant classification?
• Xylem is composed of which cell types?
• Describe the sequence of nitrogen uptake and assimilation in plants.
• Where is auxin primarily produced in shoots, and how does it influence growth?
• Which structure in the pistil acts as the pollen-receiving surface?
• Which statement about sieve-tube elements at maturity is correct?
• Where did potatoes originate?
• Which of the following is one of the four main characteristics of plants?
• Hydathodes are openings for secretion of what?
• Who is considered the founder of Chinese agriculture?
• Where are parenchyma found and what is its use in a living plant?
• Which feature helps reduce water loss in plants by providing a protective outer covering?
• Which process results in the physical separation of two daughter cells after mitosis?
• What does the phloem do in the plant body?
• What is the major reason many plant species are highly branched in their shoot and root systems?
• Which is a common requirement for seed germination?
• What is the difference between primary and secondary growth in terms of tissues produced and plant age?
• Which of the following lacks vascular tissue?
• What happens during cytokinesis?
• Which set correctly lists the three cytoskeletal filament types?
• Which statement correctly describes photosystem II and photosystem I roles in the light reactions?
• In ecosystem energy flow, which group recycles nutrients by breaking down dead matter?
• Who was the first to study living organisms under a lens?
• What is the main function of the xylem?
• Which components make up phloem tissue?
• What is the meristem in plants?
• Which statement best describes turgor pressure?
• Which structure develops within the ovary and contains the female gametophyte?
• Salt glands have what function in plants adapted to salty environments?
• In angiosperms, what are the two products produced by double fertilization?
• Which statement correctly describes bryophyte life cycles?
• Paleobotany is the study of fossil plants.
• Phloem transport is driven by what mechanism?
• Which organelle regulates gene expression and contains DNA?
• Who dispelled the theory of spontaneous generation and what was its significance?
• Which statement correctly contrasts palisade and spongy mesophyll in leaves?
• Which statement best describes water transport in xylem that is driven by transpiration pull?
• Which element is recognized as a micronutrient for plants?
• Which statement correctly defines magnification, resolution, and contrast in microscopy?
• What is the primary function of the stem in a plant?
• The Golgi apparatus is primarily involved in:
• Autotrophs are producers in the food chain because they ...
• Which floral organ forms the outer protective whorl of a flower?
• What is the periderm and what function does it serve for plants that exhibit secondary growth in their roots and stems?
• In energy flow, which group converts light energy into chemical energy?
• Under which conditions is photorespiration favored?
• What process allows grass to grow back after being cut, mowed, nibble by a herbivore, or burned by a fire?
• Which transport pathway moves solutes through cytoplasm via plasmodesmata?
• Which plant organ is primarily responsible for collecting minerals and water from the soil?
• Who coined the word 'cell'?
• Approximately how many plant species have been described by biologists?
• How do plants respond to salt stress at the cellular level?
• What role does lignin play in plant secondary cell walls?
• What is cell wall loosening, and which components are involved?
• Explain mycorrhizal associations and their effect on nutrient uptake.
• Which floral organ class is primarily involved in attracting pollinators?
• Laticifers are secretory structures that produce what substance?
• Secondary xylem is produced by which meristematic tissue?
• Nuclear division is defined as what?
• How many CO2 molecules are required to synthesize one glucose via the Calvin cycle?
• Which is a key benefit of plants to life on Earth?
• What is the primary role of auxin in phototropism and maintaining apical dominance?
• Which of the following pairs is commonly used to describe plant types?
• Lignin is found in the thick cell walls in what type of tissue?